异域风情丨土耳其 伊斯坦布尔+安卡拉+卡帕多奇亚+孔亚+棉花堡+库萨达斯+伊兹密尔+恰纳卡莱 12天11晚游12 Days 11 Nights Türkiye Istanbul, Ankara, Cappadocia, Konya, Pamukkale, Canakkale

The Walls of Istanbul, also known as the Walls of Constantinople, are a stone wall that surrounds and protects Constantinople (today known as Istanbul). The walls have existed since the Roman Empire's Constantine I founded the city. The Walls of Constantinople have undergone countless additions and repairs, and are the only ancient fortress system that still exists today, and one of the most complex fortress systems in the world. The Walls of Istanbul were originally built during the reign of Constantine I to defend against attacks from land and sea. Although some parts of the wall were less sophisticated in design and construction, with proper deployment, the Walls of Constantinople were impregnable to any attack in the Middle Ages. In the 19th century, the city had grown beyond the medieval boundaries, and parts of the wall were removed. The wall fell into disrepair, but many parts still stand. In the 1980s, it was restored on a large scale, and now tourists can see its former grandeur again.

The Sultanahmet Square is the old historic quarter of Istanbul and here you will find some of the most significant historic monuments of Istanbul. Facing the Blue Mosque at the opposite end of the square is the magnificent Hagia Sophia. There’s not much left of this stadium, but significant monuments here include the Obelisk of Theodosius, the Serpentine Column and the Column of Constantine. There’s also a pretty domed fountain commemorating the visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II to Istanbul in 1898.

The Blue Mosque is Istanbul's most representative mosque. Its 260 small windows, more than 20,000 blue tiles, hundreds of carpets and numerous Arabic calligraphy works are the main attractions of the mosque. Because the mosque is decorated entirely with blue and white Iznik tiles, which are engraved with rich patterns and designs, it is also called the Blue Mosque. The six minarets symbolizing status are surrounded by six slender and towering minarets, which are full of light and agile temperament. It is the mosque with six tall minarets in the world. You must take off your shoes when entering the mosque, and you are not allowed to wear shorts, short skirts or off-shoulder clothes. Ladies must cover their hair.

Hagia Sophia is one of the symbols of Turkey. The exterior of the cathedral is a typical mosque dome and minaret. The floor of the magnificent central hall is paved with multi-colored marble, and the walls are also inlaid with colorful marble patterns, which looks colorful. The large and small partitions and low-hanging chandeliers in the church maintain the light in the hall, and the exquisite chandeliers bring a warm atmosphere to the hall, and the tall dome makes people feel awe. The dome retains Byzantine murals with rich colors

Topkapi Palace, also known as the Old Palace, is located on a peninsula cape full of historical relics in Istanbul. It was the place for state ceremonies and royal entertainment in the past, and it was also the place where successive sultans worked and lived. The Topkapi Palace consists of four courtyards and other short buildings such as the harem, like a city within a city. The entire palace is supplied with water through underground water tanks, and has royal kitchens, sleeping rooms, gardens, libraries, schools and mosques. There are also various artists and craftsmen who have produced many excellent works for the entire empire.

Anıtkabir is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the leader of the Turkish War of Independence and the founder and the first President of Republic of Türkiye. The site is also the final resting place of İsmet İnönü, the second President of Türkiye. The mausoleum was depicted on various Turkish banknotes during 1966–1987 and 1997–2009 and was included in the Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers list of the fifty civil engineering feats in Türkiye.

The best place in the country to get a better understanding of the complex weave of Türkiye's history, is at the significant archaeological site in Anatolia. The central hall houses reliefs and statuary, while the surrounding halls take you on a journey of staggering history from Neolithic and Chalcolithic, through the Bronze Age Assyrian and Hittite eras, to the Iron Age's Phrygian and Urartian periods.

Lake Tuz is the second largest salt lake in Turkey. Because the lake water contains a lot of minerals, it will appear pink and is called the mirror of the sky in Turkey. When the weather is clear, the sky will be printed into a lavender sky, which is simply a place where girls' hearts burst and it is very suitable for various photo taking. Lake Tuz is dry in summer. During the dry period, Lake Tuz is not pink, but a vast expanse of white salt fields.

The Göreme Open Air Museum is a crown jewel in Cappadocia's rich history! This small area contains the best churches in Cappadocia and several monastic complexes. In 1985, the Göreme Open Air Museum was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site to conserve and properly display Cappadocia’s best cave churches. 

Derwent Valley, also known as the "Valley of the Imagination," is a fascinating area set in the stunning landscape of Cappadocia. Unlike other valleys in the region, the Valley of the Imagination has never been inhabited, making it a unique geological wonder. Over thousands of years, wind and water have shaped the soft volcanic tuff to create stunning pink rock formations and fascinating columnar shapes. This otherworldly appearance has earned the Valley of the Imagination the nickname "Moonscape."

Cappadocia is filled with surprises by mother nature! Underground cities are by far the most jaw-dropping. They are hidden beneath the moonscape topography of this magical region and there are 36 total underground cities. For centuries, these magnificent structures have hosted Cappadocians and provided them with a haven from those who sought their destruction. 

The Red Valley, also known as the Rose Valley, is located in the national park in the north of Goreme. It is composed of cone-shaped, pyramid-shaped and spire-shaped rock bodies. The Rose Valley is surrounded by mountains and rugged rocks. Especially at sunset, the afterglow of the setting sun gives the valley a layer of rose color, and the scenery is particularly moving. The Rose Valley is not far from the town of Goreme. You can take an ATV or ride a horse to the top of the mountain. Long-term running water, floods and frost have cracked these rocks, and the softer parts have been eroded, leaving behind a strange moon-shaped landform, which makes people marvel at the uncanny workmanship of nature.

Pigeon Valley earned its name from the countless man-made dovecotes (Pigeon Houses) that have been carved into the soft volcanic tuff. While pigeons no longer play such an important role in the area, their rocky homes have still been maintained by locals.

Located in the heart of Cappadocia in Turkey, the Aşıklar Vadisi (also known as Göreme Valley) is a unique geological wonder that draws visitors from all over the world. This valley is known for its distinctive phallic-shaped rock formations, which have been sculpted by natural erosion over millions of years. These formations are not only a stunning sight to behold but also hold significant historical and cultural importance.

Mevlana Museum is one of the famous attractions in Konya. "Mevlana" means "my master" and refers to Geraldine Rumi, the founder of Mevlanaism, who is famous for his whirling dance. The exterior of the museum is eye-catching with its gorgeous minaret covered with green tiles, and it is also a landmark in Konya. The museum covers an area of more than 6,000 square meters. It was formerly a cemetery and is now divided into areas such as monks' tombs, reference rooms, and monasteries. In addition to exquisite and meticulous decorations, it also houses many priceless manuscripts and prose poems. As a historical and cultural attraction in Konya, this museum is best described by a poem by Mevlana: Come to me, no matter who you are, you can come to me, even if you are an atheist, you are welcome to come.

Pamukkale is a well-known hot spring resort. It not only has natural hot springs that are thousands of years old, but also has strange hills that look like cotton. In fact, they are hard limestone. The landscape of Pamukkale is very unique. The hot springs flow down from the top of the cave, washing the hillside into a stepped shape. The spring water accumulates into small ponds on the platform. Looking down from above, the hot spring platforms are like mirrors, reflecting the blue sky and white clouds. Looking up from below, it looks like a volcano that has just erupted. The white magma covers the entire hillside, which is quite spectacular. The unique scenery has attracted many photography enthusiasts from all over the world. In 1988, Pamukkale and the ancient city of Hierapolis on top of it were listed as World Cultural Heritage.

The sacred Hierapolis of Phrygia is one of the antique cities of the Aegean! It was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1988. One of the most important sights of Hierapolis Türkiye is an ancient theater that is located on the hillside. The building is constructed of solid rock and the overall height of its steps is about one hundred meters. Fifty rows separated by walkways on seven sectors are seats for spectators. After the completion of the constructions works, the theater could accommodate about ten thousand people. Here you can also see the Hierapolis ruins of the Temple of Apollo.

Ephesus is the best-preserved classical city in the eastern Mediterranean. It is a good place to experience and feel the life in the Roman era. The vast ancient city ruins have been preserved for more than 2,000 years and are now one of the monuments listed by UNESCO. The current ruins of the ancient city of Ephesus are northwest-southeast oriented, with a total length of about two kilometers. The main remaining buildings include: stone column corridors, statues of Artemis, the altar of Roman Emperor Domitian, frescoes of ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, reliefs of the leader of the Monophysite school of Christ Theodosius, the Temple of Emperor Hadrian, St. John's Church, libraries, theaters, bathrooms, etc.

The scenery of the town is different from the ancient civilization ruins. The streets are full of special taverns, restaurants, souvenir shops, spices, olive products and famous fruit wines. There are all kinds of fruits such as strawberries, apples, peaches, cantaloupes, cherries, blueberries, pears, etc. You can enjoy the taste of various fruit wines here.

Troy is an ancient Greek colonial city, built by the ancient Greeks around the 16th century BC. In 1998, it was included in the World Heritage List according to the cultural heritage selection criteria. As soon as you enter the scenic area, you will see the huge Trojan Horse. The Turks built it to commemorate history and imitated this huge Trojan Horse. In fact, it is a large building that looks like a horse.

Taksim Square is the largest square in Istanbul. It is located in the city center of Istanbul's new city. In addition to its high altitude, it is also an important transportation hub in the new city. Subways, cable cars, and buses stop and transfer at the square. Extending from the square, it is Istanbul's bustling commercial street. To the south of the square stands the circular Independence Monument, which commemorates Kemal, the founder of the Republic of Turkey in the 20th century. The lifelike bronze relief statue shows the demeanor of this founding father in front of the world. On every major festival, there will always be many Turks who spontaneously send wreaths.

İstiklal Caddesi  in the historic Beyoğlu (Pera) district in Istanbul, Turkey. It is one of the most famous avenues in the city. It acquired its modern name after the declaration of the Republic on 29 October 1923, İstiklal (Independence) commemorating Turkey's triumph in its War of Independence.The street starts at the northern end of Galata (the medieval Genoese quarter) at Tünel Square and runs as far as Taksim Square.İstiklal Avenue is flanked by late Ottoman era buildings (mostly from the 19th and early 20th centuries) in a variety of styles including Neo-Classical, Neo-Gothic, Renaissance Revival, Beaux-Arts, Art Nouveau and First Turkish National Architecture. 

The Dolmabahce Palace, built during the decline of the Ottoman Empire, is the largest palace building in Turkey and the final glory of the Ottoman Empire. The palace architecture combines the architectural styles of Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism and the Ottoman Empire. It has been meticulously carved from the inside to the outside, demonstrating the majesty and luxury of the royal family. Therefore, it has become one of the most famous royal palaces in the world.

With a history of more than five hundred years, Grand Bazaar is an important trade center of Istanbul and Turkey.Though its contemporaries are now used as a museum, the Grand Bazaar continues to be a frequently visited place for many people, still maintaining the importance of the first day. The Grand Bazaar has 22 gates, includes bazaars where valuable goods are sold and workshops where production is continued. A great majority of these shops are selling carpets, jewelry, leather products, touristic goods and textile products.The guild system and the Ahi tradition, which were part of the Ottoman Empire's government system and controlled the opening of a defined number of shops according to the needs, were applied in the Grand Bazaar during the Ottoman period.The roof restoration and infrastructural repairs of the Grand Bazaar were started in 2016 with the contributions of Governor's Office of Istanbul, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Fatih Municipality, and the restoration of the Grand Bazaar was completed after 603 working days.The Grand Bazaar is rushed by local and foreign tourists and a popular destination for those who visit Istanbul, is visited by averagely 150 thousand people a day, and this figure may rise to 300 thousand in summer.

Istanbul's Spice Bazaar, also known as the "Egyptian Bazaar", was built in 1664 and has a history of more than 300 years. During the Ottoman Empire, the Egyptian Bazaar was famous for its large bazaar full of spices. The bazaar is located at the starting point of the Allahta Bridge in the Golden Horn, close to the New Mosque. The goods sold here are mainly spices, but with the development of tourism, tea, special handicrafts and other goods have gradually begun to appear. When visiting the Egyptian Bazaar, the most beautiful and eye-catching thing is naturally these native spices of different colors piled up into small hills. You don't have to get too close to smell the rich smell of spices. In additionto spices, you can also buy many products with Turkish characteristics here, such as colorful tableware, various dried fruits and local goods..

The Galata Kulesi is a medieval Genoese tower in the Galata part of the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey. Built as a watchtower at the highest point of the mostly demolished Walls of Galata. The tower is now an exhibition space and museum, and a symbol of Beyoğlu and Istanbul.In 1875, the tower's conical roof was destroyed during a storm. It remained without this roof for the rest of the Ottoman period but, many years later, during restoration work between 1965 and 1967, the conical roof was reconstructed.At the same time the tower's wooden interior was replaced with a concrete structure and it was opened to the public.In 2020 the Tower was splendidly restored then reopened as a museum now open for the public and the many tourists visiting Istanbul.It is mainly popular for the 360-degree view of Istanbul visible from its observation deck.

The Bosphorus, also known as the Istanbul Strait, divides Turkey into Asia and Europe. Large and small ships are either moored or shuttling in the undulating sea, and seagulls are soaring in the blue sky, which is a pleasant scenery. Today, this 31-kilometer-long sea area, with natural scenery and historical monuments, has become one of Turkey's tourist attractions. A common way to visit the Bosphorus is to take a cruise. Sailing here, you can overlook the mosques and palaces on both sides of the strait, and you can also cross the bridge, overlook the city scenery from a distance, and see the sea and sky up close, which is very enjoyable.